Prizing Public History?

Public History Prämieren?

 

Abstract: To create a prize is an act of advocacy and of self-assertion. It signals the value and the scale of the activity being celebrated. There has to be enough of it going on and enough people have to care for winning to have meaning beyond any financial reward that may be conferred. But meaning for whom? How can achievement be graded and who makes those judgements?
DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1515/phw-2018-11259
Languages: English, Deutsch


To create a prize is an act of advocacy and of self-assertion. It signals the value and the scale of the activity being celebrated. There has to be enough of it going on and enough people have to care for winning to have meaning beyond any financial reward that may be conferred. But meaning for whom? How can achievement be graded and who makes those judgements?

What Do We ‘Prize’ About Public History?

The controversies that have recently surrounded film and music awards point us to the often hidden or unacknowledged tensions and biases involved, and to resilient preconceptions of what constitutes – and who is able to demonstrate – exceptional accomplishment or creativity. The academic book or article prize is well established; to extend prize-giving into public history recognises how the field has flourished in recent years. Yet these questions – the why, the how and the who of awarding a prize – are far from straightforward in our field; thinking about what we are ‘prizing’ about public history opens up some fundamental issues with which we must contend.

Public history faces particular challenges when it comes to prizes. With the exception of North America, perhaps Australasia, it is still an emerging field globally. Describing the aims and parameters of public history remains a central strand of debate. I have tended to resist becoming immersed in the exercise of defining public history; it can become a circular and unproductive exercise that stifles rather than nourishes enquiry. Yet the absence of some relatively coherent identity that people can use to orient and explain themselves and their work can be a real problem. It is difficult to advocate for your field with the many audiences that must be engaged without some shared understanding and vocabulary. Awarding a prize draws attention to the gaps and disconnects in conversations about public history.

The Royal Historical Society (RHS), in collaboration with the Institute of Historical Research and the Historical Association, has just awarded the second round of public history prizes in the UK. Serving on the judging panel and seeing some remarkable work is rewarding in itself, but it is also valuable in that it gives the jurors distinctive insights into those overarching questions I mentioned earlier. We had to consider what constitutes the best of public history and why? How do we explain our decisions in ways that celebrate the winners’ achievements but also signal what we believe to be important in our field? A prize has both retrospective and prospective dimensions.

Disconnected Networks

In the UK, there is a rich diversity of activities that could be labelled ‘public history’. There is, however, often little to connect them, an issue that is reinforced by geographical and professional boundaries. Does a curator in Chester know what an archivist in Cardiff or a heritage officer in Carlisle is doing – or, indeed, a historian in Colchester? Do they have any community of interest or practice that means they should know? And would any of them set their own work in the context of public history? As the prize relies on nominations, the ‘brand recognition’ of public history is a pertinent issue. The RHS does much to promote the prizes, but if these professional networks do not overlap or connect, the message will not reach or appeal to potential nominators.

The Authority to Award?

This is partly a question of authority and professional societies being in a problematic position here. On the one hand, they are the ‘natural’ convenors for a prize. They provide a structure and a space in which communities of enquiry and practice can emerge and in which the collaborations form that will go on to produce pioneering, prize-worthy work. The societies also have an advocacy role; promoting such work through a prize is a way of showing the wider value and importance of the field. On the other hand, the claim to represent a field is always contestable. For example, at what point in their organisational development can such societies speak for their fields or be seen as the proper judge of professional achievement? The National Council on Public History was incorporated in 1980, but awarded the first prizes almost twenty years later;[1] it would be interesting to explore the NCPH archive to see how and why the initiative was taken at that point.

Patterns of Privilege

One of the ways public history has given itself an orientation distinct from ‘academic’ history is by foregrounding critical questions such as ‘who owns the past?’ But have we yet asked who owns the right to confer esteem in public/history? I wonder if that right is held and exercised in rather exclusive ways – not by conspiracy but through the patterns of influence and privilege that tend to become fixed in professionalised networks and structures. Such patterns also shape the production of public history in profound ways. Within any prize category, the judges were faced with clear asymmetries in the resources available to the nominees. Inequities in funding of the arts and culture advantage London and the South-East over other regions. A national institution can work on larger scales and to higher production values than can a local heritage foundation or community group. I suspect that these differentials are particularly marked in public history; the making of public representations of the past has purpose and meaning at both grass-roots and at elite levels (however problematic these agendas may sometimes be). The awarding of prizes brings the differentials and the difficulties of public history into sharp relief.

Making a difference

In the UK, there is no national public history association, a function, I have suggested, of the particular pathway by which the field has emerged, “drawing on disciplinary traditions that now have secure places in the academic framework, most notably social history”.[2] Specialisms such as conservation, archive science and museum studies are almost invariably housed outside history departments. This fractured landscape makes the awarding of prizes a significant challenge, even for a collaboration such as that led by the RHS. It is no admission of failure to recognise that the prize is unlikely, in its current configuration, to attract nominations that broadly represent the best exhibitions, given curators are active in different professional communities from historians. In this context, the prizes can most effectively assume that retrospective and prospective role by recognising work that is either emerging from or involves collaboration with university history departments. New categories for student and for policy and public debate in this year’s suite of prizes will, I hope, start to do so. That is not to say that other categories are less important or meaningful. But any prize has to have answers to the ‘big questions’ – why is it there, how is it judged and who is it for (and done by) – and those answers will change over time. Given how rapidly public history is developing in the UK and elsewhere, we will need to ask ourselves those questions every time if we want to make a difference.

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Further Reading

  • Best, Joel. “Prize Proliferation.” Sociological Forum 23, no. 1 (2008): 1-27. doi:10.1111/j.1573-7861.2007.00056.x
  • English, James F. The Economy of Prestige: prizes, awards, and the circulation of cultural value. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press, 2009.

Web Resources

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[1] http://ncph.org/about/awards/
[2] Alix R. Green, History, Policy and Public Purpose: Historians and Historical Thinking in Government (London: PalgraveMacmillan, 2016), p. 18.

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Image Credits

Prize graffiti, Trellick Tower © duncan c (2012) via flickr

Recommended Citation

Green, Alix: Prizing Public History?. In: Public History Weekly 6 (2018) 6, DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1515/phw-2018-11259.

Copyright (c) 2018 by De Gruyter Oldenbourg and the author, all rights reserved. This work may be copied and redistributed for non-commercial, educational purposes, if permission is granted by the author and usage right holders. For permission please contact the editor-in-chief (see here). All articles are reliably referenced via a DOI, which includes all comments that are considered an integral part of the publication.

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Categories: 6 (2018) 6
DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1515/phw-2018-11259

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